A Literature Review on The Design of Intelligent Supply Chain for Natural Fibre Agroindustry

Natural fibre is an environmentally friendly raw material that has a great potential to develop, and is abundantly available in nature [1]. Currently, the growth of natural fibre processing industries in the world has been increasingly important [2]. Processing of abundant natural fibre in both upstream and downstream productions requires effective and collaborative supply chain management in terms of information sharing. Thus, an intelligent system would be implemented in supply chain management from upstream to downstream. Based on review of 46 scientific papers discussing on types of natural fibre, process, technology, and methods, as well as application areas of natural fibre in downstream industries. According to review on different aspects in 55 scientific papers, there were 5 aspects mapped, i.e. supply chain analytic, value chain, performance, collaboration, big data, and decision support system. A concept of 4.0 industry underlies utilization of opportunities for application of supply chain analytic [3]. Upcoming research opportunities include mediating relationship in supply chain network by utilizing Internet of things (IoT) and Big data (BD), in a collaborative relationship to use information sharing. The most possibly contributing research is the development of collaboration between supply chain and genetic algorithm [4]. Integration between production and inventory planning becomes an approach that utilizes Particle swarm optimization (PSO) by developing production planning [5], and production and inventory planning [6]. There is a research opportunity in the design of intelligent supply chain for natural fibre agroindustry by implementing IoT and BD as a tool in supply chain analytic, collaboration through Collaboration prediction forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) that occurs between stakeholders with the aim of improving agroindustry supply chain performance in production integration material and inventory, and performance measurement by integrating the Value chain operation reference (VCOR) model developed in supply chain analytic

PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI DAUN UBI KAYU TERHADAP FERMENTABILITAS DAN KECERNAAN IN VITRO RANSUM BERPAKAN SERAT SAWIT HASIL AMONIASI DENGAN UREA

ABSTRACTRuminant production is impeded by lack of forage and roughage.  This experiment tried to make use the ample supply of palm press fiber (PPF) as the  sources of roughage. The first experiment was conducted  to evaluate effect of urea for ammoniation on digestibility and fermentability of PPF, on the level of 2, 4 and 6% urea, respectively. The result of trial 1 indicated that digestibility and fermentability of ammoniated PPF was higher than that of  the control.  The best digestibility and fermentability was attainable by ammoniation with 6% urea.  This  best result was then used in trial 2 by supplementation  of  0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% cassava leaves based on dry matter feed (source of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) on syntesis of microbial protein, digestibility and fermentability. The experiment diet composed of 50% PPF and 50% concentrate. Supplementation of cassava leaves increased the digestibility, fermentability and syntesis of microbial protein. Supplementation of 15 % cassava leaves increase syntesis of  microbial protein to 30.64 mg/l/ hour. The result showed that ammoniated PPF with supplementation 15% DM cassava leaves was better in digestibility and syntesis microbial protein.Key words : cassava leaves, palm press fiber, ammoniation,  ruminant productio

POTENSI AGROINDUSTRI BERBASIS KELAPA UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN - JAWA BARAT

Pangandaran district is a district that has the third largest coconut tree plantation area in West Java, and coconut is made as one of the potential regional prime commodities. This research objective was to discover four aspects on coconut agroindustry, namely the availability of raw material, distribution, product’s prospective, and economic empowerment of society. The method used in this research was descriptive method, while survey and questionnaire spreading were used. To find out the potential availability of raw materials, secondary data were used,which were proceeded with forecasting moving average method.  Spreading of coconut agroindustry was mapped for several sub-districts, according to primary or secondary data. Determination of prospective product were done by Technique for Order Performance of Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).  Potential of economic empowerment was obtained by analysis of profit cost ratio. Refer to the research results, coconut agroindustry had big potential in empowerment of the social economy. This potency can be seen by the amount of availability and certainty of coconut as raw material, the quality of the resulting coconut, availability of human resources, breadth of market section, infrastructure and means of transportation, supporting by local people, then government policy that supporting in growth and development of coconut agroindustry. The coconut agroindustry was spread in a whole sub-disctrict, and the most of it was located in Cimerak Sub-District. The most prospective product was coconut sugar, that is one of products that have big potential and profitable for empowerment of the social economy.Keywords: agroindustry, coconut, economic empowerment, Pangandaran Regenc

Potency of (Poly) Acrylic/Carboxymethyl Starch-Chitosan Biohydrogel for Curcumin Oral Delivery Matrix

Objective: Biohydrogel has gathered great interest in the pharmaceuticals field. This natural polymers were biodegradable, non-toxic, biocompatible, and its specific ability to response environment change can be considered for the controlled released matric of bioactive compound. In this study, the biohydrogel was synthesized by graft-copolymerization of acrylic acid onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and chitosan. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of CMS-chitosan ratio on the biohydrogel characteristic. Methods: The acrylic acid was grafted on to the backbone (3:1) by using cerric ammonium nitrate as the inisiator. A standarded curcumin was applied to test the binding potency of matrix. Results: A higher CMS ratio in the polymer mixture (4:1) revealed the highest swelling power (16.9 w/w) and percentage of curcumin absorption (17.34%). All the samples have the pH-responsive swelling properties, with the swelling trend was observed in the order of distilled water > HCl solution > phospathe buffer solution. FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs has confirmed the graft-copolymerization of PAA/CMSCs biohydrogel by describing the appearance of peak around 1600 cm-1 and the morphology of granula structure, respectively. Conclusion: The graft-copolymerization of acrylic acid onto the two anionic natural polymer by cerric ammonium nitrate as the initiator has resulted a pH-dependent swelling biohydrogel, and it has the ability to deliver curcumin in stomach-targeted system

POTENSI AGROINDUSTRI BERBASIS KELAPA UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN - JAWA BARAT

Pangandaran district is a district that has the third largest coconut tree plantation area in West Java, and coconut is made as one of the potential regional prime commodities. This research objective was to discover four aspects on coconut agroindustry, namely the availability of raw material, distribution, product’s prospective, and economic empowerment of society. The method used in this research was descriptive method, while survey and questionnaire spreading were used. To find out the potential availability of raw materials, secondary data were used,which were proceeded with forecasting moving average method. Spreading of coconut agroindustry was mapped for several sub-districts, according to primary or secondary data. Determination of prospective product were done by Technique for Order Performance of Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Potential of economic empowerment was obtained by analysis of profit cost ratio. Refer to the research results, coconut agroindustry had big potential in empowerment of the social economy. This potency can be seen by the amount of availability and certainty of coconut as raw material, the quality of the resulting coconut, availability of human resources, breadth of market section, infrastructure and means of transportation, supporting by local people, then government policy that supporting in growth and development of coconut agroindustry. The coconut agroindustry was spread in a whole sub-disctrict, and the most of it was located in Cimerak Sub-District. The most prospective product was coconut sugar, that is one of products that have big potential and profitable for empowerment of the social economy

POTENSI AGROINDUSTRI BERBASIS KELAPA UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN - JAWA BARAT

Pangandaran district is a district that has the third largest coconut tree plantation area in West Java, and coconut is made as one of the potential regional prime commodities. This research objective was to discover four aspects on coconut agroindustry, namely the availability of raw material, distribution, product’s prospective, and economic empowerment of society. The method used in this research was descriptive method, while survey and questionnaire spreading were used. To find out the potential availability of raw materials, secondary data were used,which were proceeded with forecasting moving average method.  Spreading of coconut agroindustry was mapped for several sub-districts, according to primary or secondary data. Determination of prospective product were done by Technique for Order Performance of Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).  Potential of economic empowerment was obtained by analysis of profit cost ratio. Refer to the research results, coconut agroindustry had big potential in empowerment of the social economy. This potency can be seen by the amount of availability and certainty of coconut as raw material, the quality of the resulting coconut, availability of human resources, breadth of market section, infrastructure and means of transportation, supporting by local people, then government policy that supporting in growth and development of coconut agroindustry. The coconut agroindustry was spread in a whole sub-disctrict, and the most of it was located in Cimerak Sub-District. The most prospective product was coconut sugar, that is one of products that have big potential and profitable for empowerment of the social economy.Keywords: agroindustry, coconut, economic empowerment, Pangandaran Regenc

PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH TERHADAP AKTIVITAS LARVASIDA DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KAMANDRAH (Croton tiglium L.)

ABSTRAKIndonesia terkenal kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, termasukjenis tumbuhan yang mengandung bahan aktif insektisida. Tanamankamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yangbanyak terdapat di wilayah Indonesia dan telah dimanfaatkan sebagaiinsektisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristikfisiko-kimia minyak kamandrah pada berbagai tingkat kematangan sebagailarvasida nabati terhadap larva nyamuk demam berdarah dengue (A.aegypti). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri (Balittri) Sukabumi, Balai BesarLitbang  Pascapanen  Pertanian  Bogor,  Insektarium  LaboratoriumParasitologi dan Entomologi Kesehatan FKH IPB Bogor, dan Biofarmaka-LPPM IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Februari sampai Desember 2010. Minyakkamandrah diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan pengempa hidrolikpada suhu 65 o C dan tekanan 7,9 MPa pada buah kamandrah dengan tigatingkat kematangan yang berbeda: warna kulit buah hijau kecokelatan,cokelat kehijauan, dan cokelat penuh. Minyak yang diperoleh selanjutnyadianalisis bilangan asam, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida,indeks bias, berat jenis, dan nilai warna minyak, serta uji larvasidaterhadap larva nyamuk A. aegypti instar III. Penentuan nilai lethalconcentration (LC) dilakukan dengan metode probit analisis (FinneyMethod). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai LC,rendemen, dan mutu minyaknya, buah kamandrah yang berwarna kulitcokelat penuh lebih berpotensi sebagai larvasida nabati terhadap larva A.aegypti. Rendemen minyak kamandrah 20,42% dan nilai LC 50 adalah132,67 ppm (24 jam) dan 70,08 ppm (48 jam). Minyak tersebut memilikibilangan asam 8,76 mg KOH/g minyak; kadar asam lemak bebas 4,36 mgKOH/g minyak; bilangan peroksida 3,59 meq O/100g minyak; indeks bias1,4783; bobot jenis 0,9466 g/ml; dan warna meliputi nilai L* 73,03; a*3,26; dan b* 64,13. Minyak kamandrah berpotensi dapat dimanfaatkansebagai larvasida nabati dalam pengendalian vektor penyakit DBD.Kata kunci : Croton tiglium L., kematangan buah, minyak kamandrah,larvasidaABSTRACTEffect of Maturity Level of Fruits on Larvicidal Activityand Physico-Chemical Properties of Kamandrah (Crotontiglium L.) OilIndonesia is famously rich in biodiversity, including species of plants thatcontain active ingredient for insecticide. Kamandrah plant (Croton tigliumL.) is one of many medicinal plants found in parts of Indonesia and it hasbeen used as an insecticidal plant. The objectives this research were todetermine the physico-chemical characteristics and larvasidal activities ofoil extracted from kamandrah seeds with varying levels of maturity asbotanical larvicide for mosquito dengue fever. The expreriments wereconducted in the Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and Industrial CropsResearch Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi, Indonesian Center for AgriculturalPostharvest Research  and  Development (ICAPRD),  InsectariumLaboratory of Health Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinaryof Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), and Biopharmaca IPB Bogor,from February to December 2010. The oil was obtained through extractionusing hydraulic pressurer at 65 o C temperatures and 7.9 MPa pressures ofkamandrah fruits with three different maturity levels : brownish green,greenish brown, and fully brown color of fruit skins. Oil gained was thenanalyzed its acid number, free fatty acid content, peroxides number,refractive index, specific gravity, and oil color values, as well as the oillarvasida test against mosquito larvae A. aegypti instar III. Determinationthe oil lethal concentration (LC) values was tested using probit analysismethod (Finney Method). The results showed that based on the values ofLC, content, and quality of the oil, full-brown colored kamandrah fruits aremore potential as larvivida against A. aegypti larvae. Oil content of thekamandrah was 20.42% while LC 50 values were 132.67 ppm (at 24 hours)and 70.08 ppm (at 48 hours). The acid number of the oil was 8.76 mgKOH/g oil; free fatty acid level of 4.36 mg KOH/g oil; peroxide number of3.59 meq O/100 g oil, refractive index of 1.4783; density of 0.9466 g/ml;and the color values were 73.03, 3.26, and 64.13 for L*, a*, and b*,respectively. Therefore, kamandrah oil is very potential to be used aslarvicide for controling the vector of dengue disease.Key words: Croton tiglium L., fruit maturity, kamandrah oil, larvicid

PEMANFAATAN BIOMASSA LIGNOSELULOSA AMPAS TEBU UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL

Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass from sugarcane bagasse for bioethanol production Sugarcane bagasse is one of potential lignocellulosic biomass for energy through physical, chemical or biological conversion. The material is renewable and abundantly available, especially as wastes or by-products of sugarcane industries. Of many conversion processes, lignocellulosic conversion to ethanol becomes focus of interest recently, since ethanol can be further used as biofuel to substitute gasoline for transportation. Lignocellulosic material, including sugarcane bagasse mainly consists of three components, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The conversion of these materials basically consists of pretreatment, cellulose hydrolysis, sugar fermentation to ethanol, and purification of ethanol. Production cost of this conversion is still high; therefore, many researches have been conducted to improve the conversion process, either pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation or purification, so that the cost could be reduced. This paper reviewed literatures on potential and characteristics of lignocellulosic materials, especially sugarcane bagasse, and conversion of these materials to ethanol. There is as much as 614,827 kL/year of ethanol potentially produced from sugarcane bagasse resulted from sugarcane factories in Indonesia. This amount of ethanol would have a great contribution to fulfill 1.10 million tons demand of ethanol. However, there are still some recalcitrans in production and implementation of lignocellulosic bioethanol, especially due to the unproven conversion technology of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and the high production cost. Therefore, government policies in supporting research and development, providing special incentives for sugarcane factories that produced ethanol from sugarcane bagasse, and giving subsidy to reduce bioethanol price, are needed.Keywords: Sugar by products, lignocellulose, conversion, ethano

ANALISIS KONDISI KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN DI INDUSTRI TEH CURAH INDONESIA

ABSTRACTIn order to accelerate increasing of technology capability of  made tea industries in Indonesia, it requires study on  technology components. Surveys was conducted on eight  made tea companies.  Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) analysis was applied to determine level of technology components condition.  Non numeric multi-criteria multi-person analysis was applied to determine the level of technology capability in Indonesian made tea industry. The research results  show that the level of technology component condition namely technoware, humanware, infoware, and orgaware  are still in medium level, respectively.  The technology component condition should be in high level, in order to increase  technology capability to medium level.  In term of strategic management of improving the capability of technology, most of respondents (75%) selected improvement continuously. Therefore, this strategy should be treated as an action program of Indonesian Tea Association (ITA) as well as government.Keywords : capability, technology, processing, made tea

ANALISIS KONDISI KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN DI INDUSTRI TEH CURAH INDONESIA

ABSTRACTIn order to accelerate increasing of technology capability of  made tea industries in Indonesia, it requires study on  technology components. Surveys was conducted on eight  made tea companies.  Ordered weighted averaging (OWA) analysis was applied to determine level of technology components condition.  Non numeric multi-criteria multi-person analysis was applied to determine the level of technology capability in Indonesian made tea industry. The research results  show that the level of technology component condition namely technoware, humanware, infoware, and orgaware  are still in medium level, respectively.  The technology component condition should be in high level, in order to increase  technology capability to medium level.  In term of strategic management of improving the capability of technology, most of respondents (75%) selected improvement continuously. Therefore, this strategy should be treated as an action program of Indonesian Tea Association (ITA) as well as government.Keywords : capability, technology, processing, made tea